Banking Regulations in Australia for Past - myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theBanking Regulations in Australiafor Past, Present Future. Answer: The budgetary arrangement of Australia has encountered instrumental change since its initiation. In spite of the fact that the distinction between the various types of monetary organizations has obscured with time, the structure of this framework is generally exemplified in setting of the essential establishments which work inside it. In light of this, four significant advancements in the budgetary framework structure of Australia stick out. The as a matter of first importance is the ascent in centrality of banks, which legitimately compensate for half of the benefits of the general money related framework today, up from 40% in 1985. Other than the ordinary loaning and retail store taking capacities, banks are occupied with pretty much every feature of monetary intermediation, for example, support the executives, protection, stockbroking, money related markets and business banking. As of now, there are 53 banks in the nation, out of which 14 are Australia claimed. The four greatest b anks inside the financial arrangement of the country are Westpac Banking Corporation, Commonwealth Bank of Australia, National Australia Bank, and ANZ Banking Group (Goodhart et al., 2013). The current article dives into the history, present and fate of banking guideline in Australia. In 1911, the Commonwealth Bank of Australia was set up through an Act. This organization was later on renamed as Reserve Bank of Australia in 1959 under the law, to release focal financial capacities. The business and investment funds capacities were moved to a different body corporate, that held the first name of Commonwealth Bank of Australia. The ability to figure laws in regards to banking and money was then vested with the Australian Parliament after the Federation of the Australian States into the Commonwealth of Australia. During 1911, the Bank was given the duty of the standard elements of reserve funds and business banking under the underlying Commonwealth Bank Act (Paterson and Mallesons, 2017). It didn't hold focal financial transmit, nor was it responsible for giving notes. The Governor had the administration of the Bank under his power. The Bank started business during mid-1912. The Treasury Department was controlling note issue around then. The obligation of giving notes was given to a Notes Board in 1920, from the Treasury. This board contained four individuals who were doled out by the Government. By ideals of his position, the Governor of the Bank was additionally an individual from the Notes Board. Note issue was resultantly controlled by the Bank, in spite of the fact that the two bodies were autonomous of each other. After revisions in the Commonwealth Bank Act 1924, the control of giving notes was moved to the Bank. Board, involving 8 executives, was given the organization of this (Black, Kirkwood and Shah, 2009). From that point forward till 1945, the focal financial elements of the Bank developed consistently, essentially to counter the requests of the money related emergency during the 1930s and therefore by formal augmentation of its power under wartime enactments. These enveloped trade control in addition to a plenty of different powers over the framework. The improved Commonwealth Bank Act related to the Ba nking Act, both made during 1945, made the Banks powers relating to the supervising of banking and financial arrangement and forex control official. The board stopped in presence according to the enactment of 1945 and in its place, came a warning chamber which had 6 individuals (authorities from the Treasury and Bank). The enactment plainly referenced that the Governor would in any case be responsible for Banks the executives (McCoach and Landy, 2013). In any case, another Act in 1951, made another board which included ten individuals and the Governor was as yet liable for the executives of the Bank. This has for quite some time been the structure of the load up from that point forward, notwithstanding a couple of adjustments. As previously mentioned, the Reserve Bank Act of 1959 preserved the underlying body corporate, under the name of RBA, to attempt the focal elements of banking of the Commonwealth Bank, which had grown step by step; different Acts separated the investment funds banking and business banking exercises into the new shaped Commonwealth Banking Corporation. The Reserve Bank Act of 1959 got enforceable from January fourteenth, 1960 (Wallison, 2013). There were relatively few critical adjustments in the exercises of the RBA until the expulsion of trade control resulting the buoy of the countrys cash in 1983. Notwithstanding, there were some steady move toward showcase driven methods of executing money related approach, a development from the arrangement of direct controls on the countrys banks. The Campbell Committee, a significant budgetary framework request was shaped in 1979, and five years after its arrangement, the money related situation of Australia changed to a practically deregulate d framework. During a similar time, the RBA built up a particular banking administrative capacity (Putnis, 2014). One more request (the Wallis Committee) was reported into the Australian Financial framework in 1996. This request introduced two significant results for the Bank, which were both enforceable from July first, 1998. The capacity of banking management was moved to a recently shaped body, the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA), from the RBA. The APRA was given control of managing each store taking organization. Corrections were additionally made in the Reserve Bank Act to shape another Payments System Board, with a commitment to advocate the effectiveness and security of the installments arrangement of Australia. New Acts the Payment Systems and Netting Act 1998 and the Payment Systems Act 1998 were presented, giving the Bank appropriate experts in this area (McNally, Chambers and Thompson, 2004). By and by, the RBA, APRA and the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) are the principle controllers of the financial framework in Australia. The RBA is the national save money with the suffering duty regarding the Australian installment frameworks productivity and wellbeing and the dependability of the countrys fiscal approach and budgetary framework. The RBA doesn't have any contribution in prudential oversight of the ADIs. Trade control is likewise in fact an element of the RBA, in any case, on a genuine scale, RBA authorization isn't required when forex exchanges are completed by currency showcase sellers or forex vendors who have been endorsed by the ASIC (Calipo and Rehder, 2017). The RBA is additionally not liable for overseeing sanctions according to forex control after the Autonomous Sanctions Regulations was presented in 2011. This obligation is presently of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. The Foreign Affairs and Trade Minister has the positio n to relegate a substance or an individual, to whom arrangement of advantages is endorsed. The APRA manages establishments in the Australian money related division. It licenses and prudentially manages all ADIs and NOHCs authorized by APRA. It additionally oversees general and extra security firms in addition to superannuation reserves. Such administrative forces of the APRA rise up out of a progression of enactment, primarily, from the Superannuation Industry Act 1993, the Life Insurance Act 1995 just as the Banking Act. While releasing its forces and capacities, the establishment needs to adjust the objectives of proficiency and monetary wellbeing, serious lack of bias, contestability and rivalry, and in adjusting such objectives, to advocate the security of Australian budgetary framework (Bailey, Davies and Dixon, 2004.). The ASIC is liable for advancing and observing business sector honesty notwithstanding client insurance. This incorporates oversight of the market direct and revelation of Australian firms, and for permitting relating to monetary administrations and items. ASIC, in a joint effort with the RBA, is likewise responsible to find a way to moderate methodical hazard in settlement and clearing frameworks. For this reason, the ASIC has authority under the Corporations Act 2001 relating to the standard foundation, authorizing and bearing of suppliers of settlement and clearing offices (Lui, 2016). The Australian Treasury is committed to instruct the legislature on the steadiness with respect to its money related framework just as on administrative and administrative issues in regards to monetary framework foundation. The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) is the countrys buyer and rivalry security body responsible for supporting adherence to rivalry law by authorizing and d irecting the Competition and Consumer Act 2010. The ACC advances serious markets by denouncing firms that advocate their market impact by purposefully deceptive clients or utilizing prohibitive exchange rehearses. The Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Center is the controller of against tax evasion in Australia (Paterson and Mallesons, 2017). It supervises abidance with against tax evasion laws by an expansive range of money related specialist organizations including all ADIs. The Banking Regulation circumstance in Australia has encountered colossal movement in the previous not many years. This has covered with a reexamination of the job of money related organizations in the Australian culture. It likewise agreed with showcase weights to adjust the manner in which banks have been dealing with their dangers. Prior to the financial downturn, credit spreads were not high, influence was accessible effectively, banks had gotten very interconnected, and enormous development jumble was normal (Posner, 2009). A few budgetary resources had been impeccably valued, and different banks had supported their plans of action on the assumption that nothing would go out of the blue. For quite a while everything was going as arranged; banks were massively productive, and the overall development was additionally vigorous. Be that as it may, the hazard was undervalued, and there was over the top influence, and very little was being done to manage the developing vulnerabilities (Gorajek and Turner, 2010). The result was that the residents followed through on a substantial cost. Fortunately as comp

Three Point Estimation for Literature Review-MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Examine about theThree Point Estimation for Literature Review. Answer: Presentation The three point estimation is viewed as one of the most broadly utilized instrument that is utilized in the use of the data framework. The present examination centers around existing writing that assists with clarifying the utilization of the three point estimation alongside the benefits of utilizing this device. The confinements of the three point framework are additionally referenced that can likewise be viewed as the significant disadvantages that exist in the present writing. Recommendations so as to improve the ramifications of the three point estimation are likewise referenced. The Explanation of the Three point Estimating As indicated by Malekpouret al. (2013), the three point estimation can be characterized as a strategy that is utilized in data framework and Management that helps in guess of likelihood conveyance and furthermore assists with anticipating the future result of an occasion utilizing the Limited data that is accessible. The dissemination framework that is utilized isn't constantly characterized as the ordinary method of dispersion as there are different methods of conveyance including triangular circulation that may help contingent upon the use of factors. There are predominantly Three Types of figures in point framework appropriation that are at first utilized in each kind of dissemination. These incorporate the accompanying: The best instance of estimate= a The most probable estimate=m The most pessimistic scenario of estimate=b Every one of these factors are utilized later of manage the outcome of the full appropriation framework. These frameworks are later joined with the assistance of mean standard deviation and rate focuses so as to get the general rundown of three point frameworks. The present area centers around the writing audit some portion of 3 point framework that incorporates the favorable position restrictions and furthermore proposals for additional improvement. The Advantage of the Three point Estimating In the cutting edge long periods of business the executives the three point estimation is one of the most basic segments that help the task supervisor to have a superior feeling of estimation. As per Li et al. (2016), it is significant for the undertaking chief to have well introduction of the methods identified with program assessment and audit, which are the primary parts of 3 point framework. Asparouhov and Muthn (2014), have included the setting that three point framework is a significant piece of venture the board that assists with deteriorating the undertaking work and furthermore have a rundown of factors that would be the assessed assignment of the general task. The E esteem (E= a+4m+b)/6 can be evaluated with the assistance of the estimation of the three point framework. The E esteem thus can help in estimation of things to come that is finished utilizing the information framework. As referenced in the examination work of Diggle (2013), note that the estimation of the working qualities can be plan with the assistance of the parameters given in 3 point estimation. Li et al. (2016), have consented to the way that the three point estimation is extraordinary compared to other procedure that an undertaking the executives framework can create so as to have an ideal creating framework for what's to come. It is additionally imperative to make reference to in this setting all administration framework must take the activities to consolidate thoughts of three point frameworks among the colleagues that help them to all the more likely comprehend the significance of things to come capability of a venture the executives framework. it is likewise conceivable to comprehend the positive factor and the negative hazard that are related with the utilization of the three point framework. The Limitations of the Three Point Estimating Despite the upside of three point estimation, Malekpouret al. (2013) have featured upon the couple of disadvantages and constraints of this framework. As this kind of framework is commonly engaged with significant level of information the executives and furthermore needs to have more elevated level of exactness, in the greater part of the events it may not be conceivable to anticipate the necessities of things to come. There are likewise the dangers of peril that are associated with the procedure of overestimation of things to come work with the assistance of the administration framework. Freeman et al. (2014), have likewise referenced that so as to apply the devices and estimation strategies of the three point estimation, it is imperative to have better and precise method of examination that can be tedious is there are numerous factors identified with this estimation. The way toward gathering the definite data can be irritating for the group the board and venture chiefs which can be persuade them to give better working capacity. There is additionally no particular definition identified with idealism and Pessimistic factors that can be conflicting in subjective qualities. it likewise requires incredibly elevated level of skill to manage the factors identified with the three point estimation. It is likewise imperative to note in the setting that without appropriate and elevated levels of precision, it is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to apply the apparatuses and despite what might be expected, it can effectsly affect the future foreseeing framework. The off base expectation arrangement of things to come can have negative effects in the general task the executives framework. As indicated by Borisenkoet al. (2014), there is likewise the danger of bogus idealism which is a measure result of applying three point estimations. So as to anticipate the eventual fate of a task the executives it is essential to have high precise information and data which is exceptionally delicate in the issues. Pulled back longer pace of time utilization the general time to complete a venture by an undertaking supervisory group can likewise be postponed because of the tedious factor identified with applying 3 point estimation. Recommendation for Improvement Despite the impediments the three point estimation is viewed as perhaps the best procedure utilized by Project Management group to choose the future result and furthermore anticipate the rest that are included. Consequently it is significant for all task supervisory crews to have a superior mastery so as to utilize the 3 point estimation procedures. The task group ought to have devoted individuals who will have the duty to gather precise information from an earlier time and pertinent undertaking works. As indicated by Anandet al. (2013), with the utilization of single point estimation and giving more precision to every one of the parameters it is conceivable to have better results and exactness in the general estimation of 3 point framework. By breaking the general three parameters engaged with the estimation framework into each and every point estimations can assist with sparing time and furthermore to have better precise outcomes about the future forecast. Consequently, with better information assortment framework, it is conceivable to utilize the three point estimation framework. Reference Anand, A., Koppula, H.S., Joachims, T. also, Saxena, A., 2013. Logically guided semantic naming and quest for three-dimensional point mists. The International Journal of Robotics Research, 32(1), pp.19-34. Asparouhov, T. also, Muthn, B., 2014. Helper factors in blend demonstrating: Three-advance methodologies utilizing M in addition to. Basic Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 21(3), pp.329-341. Borisenko, S., Gibson, Q., Evtushinsky, D., Zabolotnyy, V., Bchner, B. what's more, Cava, R.J., 2014.Experimental acknowledgment of a three-dimensional Dirac semimetal.Physical survey letters, 113(2), p.027603. Diggle, P.J., 2013. Factual examination of spatial and spatio-fleeting point patterns.CRC Press. Freeman, S., Eddy, S.L., McDonough, M., Smith, M.K., Okoroafor, N., Jordt, H. what's more, Wenderoth, M.P., 2014. Dynamic learning expands understudy execution in science, designing, and arithmetic. Procedures of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(23), pp.8410-8415. Li, Y., Snavely, N., Huttenlocher, D.P. furthermore, Fua, P., 2016. Overall posture estimation utilizing 3d point mists. In Large-Scale Visual Geo-Localization (pp. 147-163).Springer International Publishing. Malekpour, A.R., Niknam, T., Pahwa, A. furthermore, Fard, A.K., 2013. Multi-objective stochastic conveyance feeder reconfiguration in frameworks with wind power generators and energy components utilizing the point gauge strategy. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 28(2), pp.1483-1492.

General Sir William Howe in the American Revolution

General Sir William Howe in the American Revolution General Sir William Howe was a focal figure during the early long stretches of the American Revolution (1775-1783) when he filled in as officer of British powers in North America. A recognized veteran of the French and Indian War, he partook in huge numbers of the contentions battles in Canada. In the years after the war, Howe and his sibling, Admiral Richard Howe, were thoughtful to the worries of the settlers. In spite of this, he acknowledged a post to battle the Americans in 1775. Expecting order in North America the next year, Howe directed effective battles that saw him catch both New York City and Philadelphia. In spite of the fact that triumphant on the combat zone, he reliably neglected to annihilate General George Washingtons armed force and left for Britain in 1778. Early Life William Howe was brought into the world August 10, 1729, and was the third child of Emanuel Howe, second Viscount Howe and his better half Charlotte. His grandma had been the fancy woman of King George I and therefore Howe and his three siblings were the ill-conceived uncles of King George III. Persuasive in the lobbies of intensity, Emanuel Howe filled in as Governor of Barbados while his better half routinely went to the courts of King George II and King George III. Going to Eton, the more youthful Howe followed his two senior siblings into the military on September 18, 1746 when he bought a commission as a coronet in Cumberlands Light Dragoons. A snappy report, he was elevated to lieutenant the next year and saw administration in Flanders during the War of the Austrian Succession. Elevated to commander on January 2, 1750, Howe moved to the twentieth Regiment of Foot. While with the unit, he got to know Major James Wolfe under whom he would serve in North America during the French and Indian War. Battling in North America On January 4, 1756, Howe was selected major of the recently shaped 60th Regiment (re-assigned 58th in 1757) and made a trip with the unit to North America for activities against the French. Promoted to lieutenant colonel in December 1757, he served in Major General Jeffery Amhersts armed force during its battle to catch Cape Breton Island. In this job he partook in Amhersts fruitful attack of Louisbourg that mid year where he told the regiment. During the battle, Howe earned an acclamation for making a challenging land and/or water capable landing while enduring an onslaught. With the passing of his sibling, Brigadier General George Howe at the Battle of Carillon that July, William achieved a seat in Parliament speaking to Nottingham. This was supported by his mom who crusaded for his sake while he was abroad as she accepted that a seat in Parliament would help in propelling her children military vocation. Clash of Quebec Staying in North America, Howe served in Wolfes crusade against Quebec in 1759. This started with a bombed exertion at Beauport on July 31 that saw the British endure a wicked destruction. Reluctant to press the assault at Beauport, Wolfe chose cross the St. Lawrence River and land at Anse-au-Foulon toward the southwest. This arrangement was executed and on September 13, Howe drove the underlying light infantry attack which made sure about the street up to the Plains of Abraham. Showing up outside of the city, the British opened the Battle of Quebec soon thereafter and won an unequivocal triumph. Staying in the district, he guarded Quebec through the winter, remembering cooperation for the Battle of Sainte-Foy, before helping in Amhersts catch of Montreal the next year. Pilgrim Tensions Coming back to Europe, Howe partook in the attack of Belle Þle in 1762 and was offered the military governorship of the island. Preferring to stay in dynamic military assistance, he declined this post and rather filled in as the aide general of the power that ambushed Havana, Cuba in 1763. With the finish of the contention, Howe came back to England. Selected colonel of the 46th Regiment of Foot in Ireland in 1764, he was raised to legislative head of the Isle of Wight four years after the fact. Perceived as a talented authority, Howe was elevated to significant general in 1772, and a brief timeframe later took over preparing of the armys light infantry units. Speaking to a to a great extent Whig voting public in Parliament, Howe contradicted the Intolerable Acts and lectured compromise with the American pilgrims as strains developed in 1774 and mid 1775. His sentiments were shared by his sibling, Admiral Richard Howe. Despite the fact that freely expressing that he would oppose administration against the Americans, he acknowledged the situation as second-in-order of British powers in America. American Revolution Begins Expressing that he was requested, and couldn't won't, Howe cruised for Boston with Major Generals Henry Clinton and John Burgoyne. Showing up May 15, Howe brought fortifications for General Thomas Gage. Under attack in the city following the American triumphs at Lexington and Concord, the British had to make a move on June 17 when American powers strengthened Breeds Hill on the Charlestown Peninsula sitting above the city. Coming up short on a desire to move quickly, the British authorities spent a great part of the early daytime talking about plans and making arrangements while the Americans attempted to fortify their position. While Clinton supported a land and/or water capable assault to remove the American line of retreat, Howe pushed a progressively traditional frontal assault. Taking the moderate course, Gage requested Howe to push ahead with an immediate ambush. Fortification Hill In the subsequent Battle of Bunker Hill, Howes men prevailing with regards to driving off the Americans however supported more than 1,000 setbacks in catching their works. Despite the fact that a triumph, the fight profoundly impacted Howe and squashed his underlying conviction that the dissidents spoke to just a little piece of the American individuals. A running, brave administrator prior in his vocation, the high misfortunes at Bunker Hill made Howe increasingly preservationist and less slanted to assault solid foe positions. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/rI43U3sASMqggKqMf9idHDxn8j0=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/clash of-dugout slope enormous 56a61c013df78cf7728b62c1.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/bSmh1e1WwpFD3-4j3TvrzYqvMQQ=/481x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/skirmish of-shelter slope huge 56a61c013df78cf7728b62c1.jpg 481w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/_HWygG_lC2JmBU0pw7lPYmrUlLk=/662x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/skirmish of-fortification slope huge 56a61c013df78cf7728b62c1.jpg 662w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/7Yj2mDgYlAwIDsGifXUdvkVi8oQ=/1024x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/skirmish of-shelter slope huge 56a61c013df78cf7728b62c1.jpg 1024w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/aVgnCjdsHDLqjmd0287HMuKBLq0=/1024x679/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/clash of-dugout slope enormous 56a61c013df78cf7728b62c1.jpg src=//:0 alt=battle-of-dugout slope large.jpg class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-30 information following container=true /> Clash of Bunker Hill. Photo Source: Public Domain Knighted that year, Howe was incidentally named president on October 10 (it was made changeless in April 1776) when Gage came back to England. Surveying the vital circumstance, Howe and his bosses in London intended to set up bases in New York and Rhode Island in 1776 with the objective of disconnecting the disobedience and containing it in New England. Constrained out of Boston on March 17, 1776, after General George Washington emplaced weapons on Dorchester Heights, Howe pulled back with the military to Halifax, Nova Scotia. New York There, another battle was arranged with the objective of taking New York. Arriving on Staten Island on July 2, Howes armed force before long expand to more than 30,000 men. Intersection to Gravesend Bay, Howe misused the light American barriers at Jamaica Pass and prevailing with regards to flanking Washingtons army. The coming about Battle of Long Island on August 26/27 saw the Americans beaten and compelled to withdraw. Falling back to strongholds at Brooklyn Heights, the Americans anticipated a British attack. In light of his prior encounters, Howe was hesitant to assault and started attack tasks. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/8FoT2IGgJ9mpwWpUROW8LAyZE_c=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Battleoflongisland-5981d98a396e5a0011beda58.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/9jRWVwKYUrRIyCgO3fGmqGZpsFI=/425x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Battleoflongisland-5981d98a396e5a0011beda58.jpg 425w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/yOz0OpAVxbFTAFFG5GS0kHdhHw8=/550x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Battleoflongisland-5981d98a396e5a0011beda58.jpg 550w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/vx5fbHq3HuH9bKd5wwvujreDP8Y=/800x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Battleoflongisland-5981d98a396e5a0011beda58.jpg 800w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/NcadRy_SfEkV_RV-GLqgkHYCit0=/800x622/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Battleoflongisland-5981d98a396e5a0011beda58.jpg src=//:0 alt=Battle of Long Island class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-36 information following container=true /> Clash of Long Island by Alonzo Chappel. Open Domain This dithering permitted Washingtons armed force to disappear to Manhattan. Howe was before long joined by his sibling who had requests to go about as a harmony chief. On September 11, 1776, the Howes met with John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and Edward Rutledge on Staten Island. While the American agents requested acknowledgment of autonomy, the Howes were just allowed to stretch out absolutions to those radicals who submitted to British power. Their offer can't, they started dynamic activities

The Honest to Goodness Truth on Term Paper Meaning

The Honest to Goodness Truth on Term Paper Meaning The One Thing to Do for Term Paper Meaning Term Paper is among the most significant writing tasks. A term paper isn't just about starting well. It should be taken extremely seriously. It is one of the most complicated ones because it has to be of a large volume and requires a student to conduct a thorough research. Experienced term paper writers are affordable and they're able to help you acquire the information that you require for your topic. In the event you would like to amend the paper further, you're qualified for a free revision. Often, it is a lot more advisable to use term paper writing services. Nevertheless, however well it is possible to write a term paper, you will fail if it's formatted wrong. The New Angle On Term Paper Meaning Just Released Just be sure you ask your life insurance policy agent what proportion of your premiums you'll be receiving back in case you do out live the expression. 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Most Abundant Gas in the Earths Atmosphere

By far, the most abundant gas in the Earths atmosphere is nitrogen, which accounts for about 78% of the mass of dry air. Oxygen is the next most abundant gas, present at levels of 20 to  21%. Although humid air seems like it contains a lot of water, the maximum amount of water vapor that air can hold is only about 4%. Key Takeaways: Gases in Earth's Atmosphere The most abundant gas in the Earths atmosphere is nitrogen. The second most abundant gas is oxygen. Both of these gases occur as diatomic molecules.The amount of water vapor is highly variable. In hot, humid locations, it is the third most abundant gas. This makes it the most common greenhouse gas.In dry air, the third most abundant gas is argon, a monatomic noble gas.The abundance of carbon dioxide is variable. While it is an important greenhouse gas, it is only present an average of 0.04 percent, by mass. Abundance of Gases in the Atmosphere This table lists the eleven most abundant gases in the lower portion of Earths atmosphere (up to 25 km). While the percentage of nitrogen and oxygen are fairly stable, the amount of greenhouse gases changes and depends on location. Water vapor is extremely variable. In arid or extremely cold regions, water vapor may be nearly absent. In warm, tropical regions, water vapor accounts for a significant portion of atmospheric gases. Some references include other gases on this list, such as krypton (less abundant than helium, but more than hydrogen), xenon (less abundant than hydrogen), nitrogen dioxide (less abundant than ozone), and iodine (less abundant than ozone). Gas Formula Percent Volume Nitrogen N2 78.08% Oxygen O2 20.95% Water* H2O 0% to 4% Argon Ar 0.93% Carbon Dioxide* CO2 0.0360% Neon Ne 0.0018% Helium He 0.0005% Methane* CH4 0.00017% Hydrogen H2 0.00005% Nitrous Oxide* N2O 0.0003% Ozone* O3 0.000004% * gases with variable composition Reference: Pidwirny, M. (2006). Atmospheric Composition. Fundamentals of Physical Geography, 2nd Edition. The average concentration of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous dioxide has been increasing. Ozone is concentrated around cities and in the Earths stratosphere. In addition to the elements in the table and krypton, xenon, nitrogen dioxide, and iodine (all mentioned earlier), there are trace amounts of ammonia, carbon monoxide, and several other gases. Why Is Important To Know the Abundance of Gases? Its important to know which gas is most abundant, what the other gases are in the Earths atmosphere, and how the composition of air changes with altitude and over time for multiple reasons. The information helps us understand and predict the weather. The amount of water vapor in the air is particularly relevant to weather forecasting. The gas composition helps us understand the effects of natural and man-made chemicals released into the atmosphere. The make-up of the atmosphere is extremely important for climate, so changes in gases may help us predict broad climate change. Sources Lide, David R. (1996). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. CRC. Boca Raton, FL.Wallace, John M.; Hobbs, Peter V. (2006). Atmospheric Science: An Introductory Survey (2nd ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-12-732951-2.

Case Study Supply Chain Management - 1151 Words

Supply chain management The three major phases of the production network, acquisition, generation and circulation, have been overseen freely, cushioned by extensive inventories. Expanding focused weights, and business globalization are constraining firms to create supply chains that can rapidly react to client needs. To stay focused, these organizations must decrease working expenses while persistently enhancing client administration. With late advances in correspondences and data innovation, and a quickly developing show of logistics choices, firms have a chance to lessen working expenses by arranging the arranging of these stages. An administration develop can t be utilized adequately by experts and analysts if a typical assent to its definition is needing. Such is the situation with the expression store network administration Store network administration incorporates all the exercises a business utilizes to keep its items streaming, from sourcing crude materials, to conveying completed merchandise at the purpose of procurement. Top firms in commercial enterprises, for example, car, sustenance and refreshment, machine equipment, gadgets, and pharmaceuticals practice production network administration to convey merchandise shoppers need or need at a value the business sector will help. Businesses from manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers, to warehouses, healthcare providers and government agencies use supply chain management principles to plan, assemble, store,Show MoreRelatedSupply Chain Management : Case Study869 Words   |  4 PagesMicroeconomics 25 March 2015 Supply Chain Management Tom Greening once said, All management begins with planning† (Tom Greening). Those who study and research supply chain management will agree that the aforementioned quote holds true in their field. Companies looking to reduce their costs and better their customer service often look to implement supply chain management. In order to effectively execute successful supply chain management one must acknowledge the importance of demand management, communicationRead MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Management1182 Words   |  5 PagesSupply chain management is currently an important aspect in Management Information System. So much technology and brainpower have been used to improve the performance. In this decade electronic data interchange has made the process flexible, automatic warehousing and rapid logistics. Every organizations are trying to make their supply chain management more accurate using quick response, efficient customer response, mass customization, lean and agile manufa cturing. (Fisher, 1997) Value and rate ofRead MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Management1028 Words   |  5 PagesSUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN RETIAL INDUSTRY: CONCEPTS, STRATEGIES AND WALMART CASE STUDY Mian Wang CID: 01090728 Imperial College Business School, MSc Management ABSTRACT With the rapid increase of operation cost and fast development of E-commence in today’s retail industry, traditional operation management models are antiquated. Companies attempt to enhance competitive capacity through management innovation, and an increasing amount of attention is paid to their supply chain management forRead MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Management1925 Words   |  8 Pagesimportant role in the Supply Chain Management sector of business, and majority of the companies involved in Supply Chain Management have adopted new and improve technologies to gain a competitive edge, and become leaders within their industry. Supply Chain Management has become one of the leading industries in business. Companies recognized that in order to get their products to retailers and consumers on a timely manner they have to implement successful Supply Chain Management strategies. CompaniesRead MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Management3682 Words   |  15 Pages Strategic Supply Chain Management Mini Project Report Study of Supply Chain Management in Jewellery Industry of India Submitted by: Bhawana Saraf (2014PGP104) Prakhar Nagori (2014PGP121) Raghav Bhatnagar (2014PGP124) Vinay Jain (2014PGP142) Yashvardhan Kabra (2014PGP143) Title: A study of contemporary trends in supply chain management in Jewellery industry in India. Introduction: Jewellery Market of India India s gems and jewellery industry had a market size of Rs 251,000 crore (US$ 40Read MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Management3763 Words   |  16 PagesAND SUPPLY CHAIN TERM PAPER: DELL– SUPPLY CHAIN STUDY SRUJANA SACHIDANANDA KHOT RedID: 818471037 DATE: 4/27/2015 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Dell is well known for its uniqueness and the innovativeness in its supply chain. They were the pioneers for selling the PC at the cheaper rates. They ranked 2nd in the computer distributors. The benchmark of their successful company was because of their unique Supply Chain Management which used the ‘Built – to – order’ and ‘Direct Sale Strategies’. Supply chainRead MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Management1344 Words   |  6 PagesTo succeed in today’s competitive markets companies must learn to align their supply chains with the demand of the markets they serve. Supply chain performance is now a distinct competitive advantage for companies who excel in this area. Supply Chain Management(SCM) is defined as a set of approached utilized to efficiently integrate suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses and stores, so that merchandise is produced and distributed at the right quantities to the right locations and at the time in orderRead MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Management1040 Words   |  5 PagesSupply Chain Management covers a broad spectrum of jobs and responsibilities. It deals with the production, transportation, and distributions of goods. (National Career Service) The purpose of a supply chain manager is to make sure that these processes are done and documented correctly in an efficient manner. (Rutgers) An interview with a Distribution Manager at Kelloggs provided some insight on how their company does things. They have everything well organized in a way to streamline production processesRead MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Management943 Words   |  4 PagesWhen supply chain managers are brought together it is the common goal to focus on the process of getting the consumers product though the forward supply chain as quick and efficiently as possible. However, there is a need to focus on the scope of the returns process too. â€Å"Companies can no longer afford to treat reverse logistics management as an afterthought. It needs to be a core capability within the supply chain organization. For years, most shippers paid little attention to returns† (DowlatshahiRead MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Management1004 Words   |  5 PagesDiary Flat Highway, Albany, Auckland – 0632. Assignment – 2 Supply chain optimisation Introduction A supply chain management may be defined as the process involving all the activities like planning, organising, implementing and controlling the cost effective flow of goods from the point of origin to the point of consumption. This involves various other activities which is required to add value to the product along the supply chain like procurement, sourcing and conversion of the products. There

The automotive industry in competitive environment †Free Sample

Question: Discuss about The automotive industry in competitive environment. Answer: Introduction The automotive industry in todays world is stiffened by a very competitive environment that presses companies to utilize the resources available such as workstations and engineers to get the most out of them. The industry needs many diverse experts and a few specialists. Investing in sturdy workstation components can bring the most out of the designers broader skills thus enhancing the bottom line (Maloletnikov, 2014). Performance and versatility of workstations are determined by how it is configured, graphics processing units, the central processing unit, input/output components, memory, and storage. Depending on the data and application you use daily will determine the choices of these components. Making the right choices of the components will determine the performance of the workstations. The following are some of the components that should be considered when building the workstation: Central Processing Unit (CPU) Over the years, processor technology has evolved from dual-core to hex-core with multicore CPUs proving to be gaining theoretical speed-ups. However, for CAD workstations you wont get the best out of multi-core processors because the packages are not yet configured to run on them (Green, 2017). For this case, get the single core processor with the highest processing speed that you can afford. It is important to note that few CAD vendors are now designing their components to operate on 64-bit multicore architecture. CPU is an essential element for enduring that the workstation operates efficiently and utilizes the available resources optimally. For the workstation, you should choose XEON or Intel I7. Figure 1: XEON and Intel I7 Processors (Source: Green, 2017) Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) When choosing a GPU one must be keen in choosing a GPU that will be used to power the simulations applications, CAD, and the rendering process. The GPU of this era may have bit similarities to the graphics controllers of the older days. With professional graphics, one can display parts and models much more realistically and will also be able to keep the viewpoints fluid even if working with sophisticated objects. These GPUs will be able to offer a lot of power just not in graphics but also in other fields. Graphics is only but a beginning for these new GPU engines. When the correct GPU is put in place, a remarkable performance will be noticed in how the 3D software will respond to animation generation, panning, rotations, and other tasks that may push the limits of a much lower processor. Once this improvement is in place, the software will be able to bring overall user satisfaction and dramatic gain in the productivity. The consideration of a GPU will require both time and budget (Jovica, 2016). Most customers will want an entry caliber card that will be able to match the performance and all capabilities of the GPU with the rest of the system, for instance, an entry caliber workstation. The best way to maximizing the ROI for the workstation purchase is by the right balance in which every component will hit the performance level that it is supposed by the rest of the system. Figure 2: NVIDIA Quadro GPU (Source: Green, 2017) The GPU Computing. There are two most common components in the iterative workflow which are; FEA (Finite Element Analysis) and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic). They are able to employ an algorithm that will rely on the heap of floating point arithmetic which also can run in parallel to gain a significant increase in the throughput. Raytraced rendering is a technique that falls naturally more on the GPU rather than graphics. It is different from the conventional raster based rendering. The images that are rendered using the raytracer are more eye-catching thus making the raytracer the most demanded visual tools used for product styling. NVIDIA GPU has enabled Iray which is a rendering engine located mostly in software as Bunk speed shot, the Autodesk 3d max and CATIA version6. The visual times are decreasing from hours to minutes. At that speed, designers can be able to influence raytracing earlier in the development procedure NVIDIA Maximus is another GPU powered option available in major workshops such as Lenovo, Dell, and Hp. It is used for the use of CAD and other professional related applications, hence allow in ROI cranking visualization, ultimate concurrency, and analysis. NVIDIA Tesla coprocessors and NVIDIA Quadro graphics are integrated, you will carry out simulations, designing, and rendering processes on the same system. Figure 3: NVIDIA Tesla GPU (Source: Green, 2017) Multi-monitor support supports a dual slot for CAD professionals and graphics which in turn opens doors to a whole lot more screen real estate. With NVIDIA Quadro cards one can be able to get unique Mosaic technologies that can be able to support as many and up to eight monitors and also enable transparent scaling of any application as well as seamless taskbar spanning. Also, nView technology is another unique feature. It allows one starts applications as many 32 different desktops seamlessly switching in between them. There is a taskbar that shows each application button on its specific display and lets you eliminate a single screen with an overly crowded taskbar. When the performance requires an additional graphics cards, for example, high-end graphics or mid-range graphics, one card will be enough to get all the screen real estate you want. There must be sufficient Ram in order CAD to run. The system RAM will depend on the GPU that you will choose because the GPU have their internal memory which can be used to free up the RAM in order to do other tasks. The speed of the RAM and its size will remarkably influence the workstation performance much more than the CPU and GPU. The most advisable and reasonable budget of a CAD application may range from 8 to 32 GB, but one can leave some space in the DIMM slots located into the motherboards system for expansion later. For the ECC (Error Correcting Code), it is not essential in CAD but is certainly valuable for allowing single bit memory errors to be detected and corrected. In order to make the right choice, one must give full consideration to the choice of the CPU and GPU. The productivity will depend on the tools; hence, the performance of the workstation will only be as good as the elements you selected (Covington, 2016). The memory choice should be beefy enough so as to hold on all the computational horsepower. Random Access Memory (RAM) The abundance of fast and reliable RAM is crucial for the fast and smooth operations of a CAD design for it requires a whole lot of memory. The 26 GB is the minimum, and the 32 GB is more so for the professional use. The DDR4 is a must. Figure 4: ECC and Non-ECC RAM (Source: Green, 2017) Storage (Solid-State Drives) This is highly recommended to build every PC with one and double for the CAD workstations. The speed 05-6x over 7200 RPM platter drivers are more impactful and real hence increase the reliability. NVme SSD drivers like the Samsung 950 pro are mostly use for the CAD workstations and are crazily fast for shut down, quick boot, and program launching as well as an overall snappier feel. The SSD and the Hybrid SSD will be able to load up large assembly files. The faster the Hard Drive, the faster the files will be loaded on the desk or RAM, for the Hard Drive acts as a filing cabinet. If the Ram runs out, the Hard Drive Virtual Memory is used for file swapping. Figure 5: SSD Storage (Source: Green, 2017) Input/output Devices There are others which may include, ten screens, one screen, 3D mouse, and ergo keyboard Figure 6:Monitor (Source: Green, 2017) Vendor Vendors such as Dell, HP, and Lenovo have a CAD level category of mobile and desktop workstations which will have most if not all of the recommendations required, but one can look at clone to save in money. For this case, I recommend acquisition of Inventor workstation from Autodesk. The vendor has been in the industry for the more 30 years and understood the industry requirements. Autodesk inventor will bring several benefits to the company by facilitating 3D modeling rapidly, digital prototyping, and design of products. It can reduce the time required to design and model a product, assessment of global impact to the product, and potential design visualization. Autodesk inventor should be implemented in well specified and suitable components to avoid time wastage and nullification of it benefits. Due to the vast amount of data, the company will be supplying to the Autodesk inventor; I recommend the following components to work with Autodesk Inventor: Component model CPU Intel XEON 3.70GHZ RAM DDR4 32 GB GPU NVIDIA Quadro 1600x1050 with True Color and DirectX 11 compliant Storage SSD 500GB References Autodesk, A. (2017).Inventor | Mechanical Design 3D CAD Software | Autodesk.Autodesk.eu. Retrieved 26 February 2018, from https://www.autodesk.eu/products/inventor/overview Covington, J. (2016).What you need for the best CAD Workstation PC.Custom Gaming Enthusiast PC Blog | Velocity Micro. Retrieved 26 February 2018, from https://www.velocitymicro.com/blog/need-best-cad-workstation-pc/ Green, R. (2017).How to Choose Workstation Components That Can Handle CAD | Cadalyst.cadalyst.com. Retrieved 26 February 2018, from https://www.cadalyst.com/hardware/workstations/how-choose-workstation-components-can-handle-cad-32447 Jovica, D. (2016).Recommended Hardware for CAD.Redstack.com.au. Retrieved 26 February 2018, from https://redstack.com.au/support/blog_posts/hardware Maloletnikov, O. (2014).COMPONENTS OF A CAD WORKSTATION | .Proizvodim.com. Retrieved 26 February 2018, from https://proizvodim.com/components-of-a-cad-workstation.html

Thinking About Bill, Dead of Aids by Miller Williams free essay sample

â€Å"Thinking about Bill, Dead of AIDS,† by Miller Williams is a poem written as an elegy to Bill, and all other victims of the AIDS epidemic. In this poem the narrator is speaking about his friend dying of AIDS. Instead of speaking of just his emotions towards his friend dying, the narrator uses words such as â€Å"we† and â€Å"us,† speaking of many people feeling sorrow. Millers poem personifies the national mood in the form of a poem about, and more appropriately to, Bill, a presumed friend who has died of AIDS. In this poem Mr. Miller addresses straight on the ignorance people had about the cause and effect of the AIDS disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Thinking About Bill, Dead of Aids by Miller Williams or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It discusses the emotions of trying to overcome ones fear of the likelihood of being infected by interacting with the diseased and to be with them in their painful times. It addresses the difficulties in doing this due to the fact that our society has made it impossible to understand the suffering and pain that Bill is enduring by painting an ignorant picture of the AIDS disease. The poem is set on the time presumably in the 1980s when little was known about the virus which caused AIDS. All that truly known was AIDS was deadly and there was no cure. As such, people who were infected with the disease were often treated with hatred and outcast from the society. The unfortunate result was many of these people died alone and in poverty, the opposite of how society typically treats its sick and dying. This poem highlights the questions and fears that dominated society during this time of the AIDS era.

hunchback of notre dame essays

hunchback of notre dame essays In this novel The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (1831), Victor Hugo talks about the life of his characters in the city of Paris. This story takes place in the late-fourteenth century. With inequality all around it was hard for a person to gain respect without good looks or social status. In this paper I will mainly discuss the story of Quasimodoe Esmeralda, and their struggle in this story Quasimodoe's mother was a gypsy. She could not take care of him any longer so she left him in front of a church. Gypsies were not liked at this time, but the church was highly respected. Being it that Quasimodo's mom had left him on front steps of the church the king could do almost nothing. Quasimodoe could not leave the church due to the fact that he was deformed and ugly. Quasimodo grew very lonely and bored up in that bell tower all by him self. He was looking down one day and set eyes upon a young woman named Esmerelda. On the day of fools Quasimodo saw this young lady and decided to go down and tak e a closer look at this woman. It was a holiday, feast of fools, when he decided to go down. When the people saw him they were horrified. He got whipped and lectured by his master. Well, to make a long story short Esmerelda ends up dyeing, and Quaismodo runs away and is never seen or heard of again. They state that in the end they find two skeletons lying in each others arms. One the body of a lady (Esmerelda), and the other the body of a man who was deformed (Quaismodo). It also states that the woman was hung, but the man died because he had come there by himself and died there.There are many examples of Historical Significance in this book. One of which is the power of the church. The church mostly controlled everything back then. My second example is the way that they talked. They sounded more sophisticated back then. It states on page 139, "Sunday in the year of my lord 1467." My third fact is the fact that they didn't like gypsies back then. They want ...

Critical Review of Research Papers in Nursing Paper

Critical Review of Papers in Nursing - Research Paper Example The column bravely uncovers the ravaging attitude which the modern day military possess. It speaks of the mechanical traits of the military, which are deployed to solve tentative, unfathomable, & deepest of social issues. It speaks of inhumanity & corruption on behalf of the governing bodies that deploy armed forces despite knowing that militarization is the remotest solution for any of those problems. Swift amicably draws a fine line denoting that militarization or forceful occupation of a territory is undoubtedly the gravest offence which can be committed against the human race in the contemporary global scenario. Interestingly it appears as if the author touches all the fundamental bases of this burning issue, but refrains himself from delving into the roots of those fatal problems. He speaks of religious liaisons, Chinese cross border aggression, indo-Pak eccentricity & almost everything bestowed within Mother Nature, but strangely swifts away from giving any materialistic soluti on. He places facts, figures & incidents to condemn a certain approach, but outrageously evades the question of a plausible solution. He says that the: ‘arbitrary exercise of power is the centerpiece of any occupation. It is hard to imagine it otherwise,’ but peculiarly disowns himself from this glaring notion when the time arrives for a possible solution (Swift, 2005, p. 1). In another attempt the author has advocated that the Chinese occupation of Tibet is equally condemnable to the US imperialist aggression. It may be cited that Tibet was a land of unprecedented feudal values even until the 1950s. The ruling religious classes of Tibet had battered, bled, slaughtered, & victimized the whole population until the arrival of the Chinese red troops. It is a fact that the temples & palaces of the once invincible lamas were stacked with human bones, fleshes, & skulls as tokens of religious piousness. Buddhism was turned to ‘devilism’ throughout the history of T ibet. The streets were filled with beggars, ailing citizens & there was not a single school which existed in the land of the Himalayas. Even in the 1920s & 1930s the nation existed without a proper economic infrastructure. Barter system was practiced by the invincible ruling class to exploit the ‘half dead’ inmates. The ruling elites bestowed themselves to the western powers, thus paving the way for potential moral & military aid. Naturally, the Chinese aggression was severely criticized by the feudal rulers of Tibet. It was true that china had long term goals than it seemed at the introduction. But it was also true that Chinese power modernized & humanized Tibet. Human rights came into existence (Maxwell, 1970, pp.50-73). Now how can the Chinese annexation of Tibet fall within the same genre of the US attacking Iraq, Afghanistan, or Libya? It simply cannot. The United States of America wants the feudal & religious hegemonies to remain secure at their respective pavilio ns. The reason is simple. The open liberalistic policy of the US backed corporate houses requires ignorance to exist & make further profits. Religion is the easiest weapon which helps to modernize a man from outside without altering his feudal beliefs. Swift speaks against religious fundamentalism. But this topic has been discussed a thousand times before. How can one expect to assemble a group of men with contradicting superstitious (read religious) beliefs & expect them to maintain rationality &

Analyse relations of power among actors in a supply chain of your Essay

Analyse relations of power among actors in a supply chain of your choice - Essay Example A supply chain involves all processes that receive and fulfill the customer request. The functions of a supply chain include marketing, operation, product development, distribution, customer service and finance. This paper seeks to analyze the relations of power among actors in the Wal-Mart supply chain. The success of a business lies in the management of the actors involved in the supply chain. This results in the achievement of improved value to consumers. The most profound challenge in a supply chain is the challenge of wastage. The Wal-Mart supply chain is committed to deliver exceptional value to customers. The management of the supply chain is committed to constructing an efficient and responsive supply chain by harmonizing the relations of power among the actors within it. The market place develops a competition of supply chains (Sehgal 2011). The strategic approach to the supply chain is to ensure the activities within the players are harmonized. The strategic approach to Wal -Mart supply chain The company has invested in core-competences among the players in the supply chain. Wal-Mart is estimated to have 90, 000 suppliers. About 200 of them are global suppliers e.g. Nestle, Kraft, Unilever and P&G. The actors of the supply chain face competition when passing value to the consumers (Dicker 2005). The companies are expected to deliberate on their role in the Wal-Mart supply chain. ... Wal-Mart supply chain actors have constructed strategies that allow them to remain competitive. Wal-Mart is committed to finding its competitive advantage and outsourcing the non-core competencies. There are several functions done by multiple firms which are linked to the success of the supply chain. The supply chain is developed upon these strategic links (Seifert 2003). However, the fragmentation of the production process for Wal-Mart has increased the pressure for centralized coordination. The firm has an international present and is expanding to new markets. The supply chain must add value to the firm (Fishman 2006). The management of the Wal-Mart supply chain has recognized that the real competition is not between companies within the supply chain. Rather, it is the competition between supply chains (Dicker 2005). Therefore, Wal-Mart pays attention to the quality and competence of the players within the supply chain. The Wal-Mart retailers, suppliers and transporters work to ens ure that the process of chain execution is flawless, smooth to give the firm a competitive advantage. Research indicates that the company that manages its supply chain with excellence wins the largest market share. Importance of power and theory in supply chains Wal-Mart actors Power can be defined as the ability for a company to own and control resources and assets within supply chains and markets to ensure sustainability in accumulation of value and leveraging the other actors. The practitioners in the Wal-Mart supply chain must identify the most appropriate context before executing a plan. The modern business is changing from appropriating value for oneself to a commitment to passing value to the consumers. In Wal-Mart the supply chain commences

The Future of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Essay Example for Free

The Future of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Essay Honda is a well-known and reputable car manufacturer in North America. It is now 2002, and Honda is planning on launching its second Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) to the market a hybrid version of Hondas top selling vehicle, the Civic. The companys first HEV, the two-seater Honda Insight coupe, was introduced to the U. S. in 1999. It experienced modest sales of 3,788 units in 2000 and 5,000 units in 2001 and retailed at a base price of approximately $19,100. However, demand outstripped supply and consumers were forced to wait between one to two months for their vehicles. Honda anticipates that sales of the hybrid Civic model will be much stronger than previous HEV models, since the Civic already possesses a longstanding, strong brand name. Right now, Honda must decide if they are willing to launch the hybrid Civic and make it a part of its production line-up, despite the uncertain reception of the vehicle in the market and the risk of a potential loss in profits. Problem Statement The problem that Honda faces right now, which could hurt the company’s overall profits, is that consumers are not well educated and informed about the benefits that this hybrid technology can offer. In other words, the positive features of a HEV have not been marketed well enough to change buyers’ outlook on transportation options and train them to look beyond the price premium (of up to $5,000) and buy a hybrid car. According to a large-sample survey of recent car buyers, the top three factors that were identified as being most important when purchasing a car were â€Å"reliability†, â€Å"value for the money† and â€Å"well-made vehicle†. Similarly, auto dealers stated that buyers routinely ranked â€Å"functionality†, â€Å"safety† and â€Å"price† as important factors when shopping for a car. Factors, such as â€Å"gas mileage†, â€Å"technical innovation† and â€Å"environmentally friendly† were also listed, but were all ranked well below the top five. Therefore, Honda is faced with the obstacle of teaching buyers to consider other aspects when purchasing its new Civic hybrid model. Situation Analysis The automobile industry is a very mature and is based almost entirely on gas engines. It is a highly competitive and consolidated industry, however, Honda differentiates itself with a value strategy. Internal Analysis Strengths. Honda Motor Company has a very strong reputation around the world for building quality, reliable and performance-oriented automobiles, motorcycles and power equipment. Honda has traditionally focused heavily on RD capabilities and thus it tends to be on the cutting edge of automotive technology. Weaknesses Adding high tech and performance-oriented features to their cars has meant that Honda has occasionally had to recall their products, leading to a weaker brand image. In addition, the spending on RD has led to declining operating margins while the market share is threatened by huge lineups from Toyota and Nissan. Opportunities There is an upsurge of interest in environmentally friendly vehicles, and Honda’s RD focus means that it is well poised to capitalize on its expertise in this industry. In addition, Honda is a major player in the emerging markets (BRIC countries). Threats Rising oil and raw material prices in the world market can lead to decreased demand for automotive vehicles. In addition, increased costs have led to decreased consumer spending and the competitive rivalry is very high in this industry. External Analysis. Political There is increased pressure on governments from lobby groups to provide tax incentives and subsidies to encourage consumers to purchase more environmentally sensitive products. In addition, the Kyoto Accord has led to a renewed focus on reducing pollutants. Economic Rising gas prices and increased costs of cleaning pollutants have started hurting the consumer’s pocketbooks. Social Consumers have a higher awareness of the hidden costs of pollutants, and are also more sensitive to prices. Therefore, there is a large number of consumers who are willing to pay for technology and products that will help the environment. Technology Recent RD investment into hybrid technology has led to significant gains in efficiency and reductions in cost of the technology. Network Model User Network – The identified user network for hybrid cars would be the consumers who see a benefit to paying a premium for these cars in the hope that the expected benefit to the environment will be enough to justify the extra cost. Complement Network – The complement network includes the dealers, gas stations and service facilities that facilitate the ownership, operation and maintenance of any automobile. Producer Network – The producer network includes Honda Motor car, it’s automotive parts suppliers and all other stakeholders associated with the production of the automobile Now using the Identify - Differentiate - Interact - Customize model we have to progress down a path of methodically segmenting our current target market into smaller segments that we can target individually. At the customize stage, Honda should be flexible enough to be able to offer the customers who require higher value the products that they need, while focus on driving down their cost-to-serve for the lower margin consumers. Resource Identification. Having completed our SWOT analysis and our network model breakdown, we can come to some key identifications of success factors in a product that the industry requires to be successful. In addition, we can then compare these factors to the core competencies of the Honda hybrid initiative. We can see that car buyers value three factors above any other: â€Å"reliability†, â€Å"value for the money† and â€Å"well-made vehicle†. Honda can provide all of these but there is uncertainty in the first. Because the hybrid engines have not been around a long time, car buyers are uncertain of the long term maintenance costs of such vehicles. In addition, they are also not sure about the resale value of these cars, something which ties in to our next point. Although hybrid cars have traditionally not been able to makeup their premium strictly via gasoline cost savings, Honda has strived to only price the hybrid Civic about $1000 $2000 above the normal Civic. This minimzes the non-tangible benefit that Honda needs to prove to consumers to persuade them to buy the car. In addition, hybrids cost about $4 to $5 thousand more to produce than regular vehicles. Honda is subsidizing a large portion of this cost to make the vehicle more affordable to the consumers. In terms of reliability, Honda has a global reputation as a maker of quality automobiles. Alternatives and Evaluation After analyzing this case, it is apparent that Honda must choose one of two paths. Namely, launch the Civic hybrid or not launch. However, if Honda decides to launch, it can either manufacture a full hybrid or mild hybrid version. Therefore, Honda is essentially faced with three alternatives: (1) launch a full hybrid model, (2) launch a mild hybrid model or (3) decide not to launch a hybrid in the North American market at all. Before we can elaborate on the pros and cons and evaluate each alternative, we must consider some very relevant underlying issues that exist in the case. Specifically, there are some key questions that must be addressed when assessing both Alternative One and Alternative Two. For example, should Honda lobby for government subsidies and/or tax credits in order to mitigate its exposure to potential profit losses or should it fully expose itself to this risk? How many vehicles should Honda manufacture (since price decreases with economies of scale)? And how much money should Honda invest in marketing to educate consumers and promote the product? The suggested answers to these questions will be given in the Recommendation. Alternative One: Launch a Full Hybrid Version of the Civic One of the obvious pros to launching the full hybrid Civic would be that Honda would become a market leader with respect to alternative-fuel vehicles. Specifically, Honda could gain a competitive advantage over its competitors by leveraging its knowledge and expertise gained early on during the introduction of the Honda Insight. In addition, Honda could also earn the reputation of being environmentally friendly and at the cutting edge of automotive technology. For instance, the full hybrid can improve gas mileage by as much as 100% over a comparable gasoline-only vehicle, which would decrease the amount of emissions produced. Creating this image could be very beneficial for Honda; especially in a society whose emphasis and attention on sustainable development and the environment will only continue to escalate. There are also some potentially negative implications to launching the full hybrid Civic. First and foremost, there is the potential that margins generated from the new model will be lower than expected. The cost of producing a full hybrid vehicle is substantially higher than the costs involved in manufacturing a comparable gasoline-only car. In fact, some industry experts estimate that this value is somewhere in the range of $4,000 to $5,000. In addition, the current demand for hybrids is not strong enough to engender economies of scale (which would lower the retail price). Also, adverse studies show that it takes several years before the gas savings from hybrids offset the price premium. For many buyers, the intrinsic environmental benefits of buying a hybrid are not enough on their own to justify paying a higher price. Therefore, Honda could lose money by launching the full-hybrid Civic. Another potential con is that Honda’s competitors can reap the benefits of being a follower. They can avoid the evident risks of introducing a hybrid now, and learn from Honda’s mistakes. Afterwards, these competitors can use what they have learned and produce a superior product that would directly compete with Honda’s vehicles. Alternative Two: Launch a Mild Hybrid Version of the Civic. One of the pros of manufacturing a mild hybrid version is that the mild hybrid technology can be more easily incorporated into current vehicle models than the full hybrid technology. As a result, the premium incorporated in the price of a mild hybrid is lower than in that of a full hybrid. For example, the price premium associated with a full hybrid is approximately $5,000, relative to the $2,000 to $3,000 price premium associated with a mild hybrid version. This lower premium may increase consumer demand for hybrid vehicles and allow Honda to manufacture on a larger scale. Also, launching a mild hybrid would allow Honda to offer comparable prices to other hybrid models produced by other vehicle manufacturers. Most other American manufacturers interested in offering hybrid vehicles have chosen to employ the mild hybrid technology for the reasons mentioned above. If Honda decides to manufacture a full hybrid, its prices may too high and buyers interested in purchasing a hybrid may be attracted to the lower prices offered by Honda’s competitors. One of the cons of manufacturing a mild hybrid vehicle is that this option seems to be a step backwards in terms of technological progress. Honda spent significant time and money toward developing its full hybrid Insight model and to employ the less-advanced mild hybrid technology would almost be counterintuitive. Moreover, by launching a mild hybrid, Honda would lose its opportunity to distinguish its product from those of its competitors and perhaps relinquish a temporary competitive advantage. Another con would be that Honda might damage its image of being a company concerned about the preservation of the environment. Although mild hybrid technology offers superior gas mileage compared to a traditional gasoline-only vehicle, it can only improve it by 10% to 20%. This is almost insignificant and seems to make the entire process pointless. Alternative Three: Do Not Launch the Civic Hybrid If Honda does not launch the Civic hybrid model, it avoids any of the risks associated with its manufacture. However, Honda is currently a market leader in the hybrid car segment and has already invested a lot of money into research and development. A decision to withdraw from the launch of the Civic hybrid would appear to go against the organizational strategy witnessed to date and may forgo an opportunity to achieve a competitive advantage in this cutthroat industry. Recommendation After weighing the pros and cons of each alternative, we have come to the conclusion that Alternative One is the most attractive option for Honda. Full hybrid technology is not being implemented in the vehicles of most of Honda’s competition. Therefore, by utilizing the technology it already has, Honda currently has the opportunity to distinguish its product from those of its rivals and achieve a competitive advantage in the industry. There are some risks related to launching the full hybrid Civic but these risks can be mitigated with proper marketing campaigns and education initiatives. Firstly, Honda should lobby the government for subsidies and/or tax credits in order to offset the price premium of the vehicle. This will both encourage consumers to buy a hybrid and to minimize Honda’s risk of losing money. There have already been discussions about increasing tax credits to $3,000 per vehicle. Therefore, Honda should try and confirm this increase before launching the new model. This tax incentive would surely make the marketing of the product easier. Also, any subsidy program the government could offer would likely eliminate any hesitations Honda might have in moving forward. In terms of marketing, Honda should consider investing a considerable amount of money toward educating the public about benefits of a full hybrid Civic via a large-scale marketing campaign. Luckily, Honda already has an established brand name, but it now must focus on teaching consumers both the financial and social rewards of buying a hybrid. For example, not only do hybrids have superior gas mileage (dollar savings), but also reduce the amount of emissions released into the air. Studies have shown that visits to dealerships, consumer guides and word of mouth are the three most useful sources of information for potential buyers. Therefore, Honda should ensure that its dealership sales team is prepared to handle inquiries about the product and be able to convincingly sell the attractive features of the vehicle. Moreover, Honda should create a lot of excitement and propaganda (especially during the year before and of the launch) about the new product, with special focus on public relations. In addition to these tactics, Honda can improve its chances of making this venture profitable by establishing strong producer and complements networks. For example, Honda could sell their hybrid technology to other car manufacturers and generate revenue by creating a special maintenance service for hybrid cars (if they are perceived as experts in the field). In conclusion, the Honda Civic has a strong brand as a fuel efficient, easily maintainable car. Creating a hybrid version of this model follows along with their existing strategy, thereby strengthening their brand. Implementation Honda already has plans to offer the hybrid Civic in 2002, effectively for its 2003 model year. Our focus is on marketing this model, rather than manufacturing it, as Honda already has the manufacturing plan well underway. At a high level, our implementation plan includes: †¢Lobby the government for subsidies and/or tax credits starting immediately. †¢In the summer of 2002, hold training seminars for all Honda Dealers, to ensure they are up to speed on the hybrid as well as its benefits. †¢Create promotional packages for each dealership to bring an awareness of the hybrid to those who are shopping for new cars. These should be in place at the dealerships before the new model year cars are available, essentially in August 2002 at the latest. †¢Utilize car shows as soon as possible to incorporate as much of a â€Å"wow† factor as can be gleaned due to the high technology nature of the hybrid engine in an every day automobile. †¢Place promotional material in consumer guides beginning in September 2002, for a 6-month period. Revisit this item at the end of term to see if it is effective. †¢We anticipate Honda allocating approximately 5% of their marketing budget to the hybrid Civic, keeping in mind that all Brand advertising for the Civic will also include the hybrid model. Appendices Appendix 1: SWOT Analysis Marketing MixStrengthsWeaknesses ProductStrong Brand Reputation RD-Cannibalization of existing market -Recalls Price -Hybrid costs more to build so a premium on price; few sold so few economies of scale -Declining operating margin PromotionCan capitalize on the existing Brand Place- Growing market (more interest in environment) Well placed in emerging marketsStill just a small niche market. AreaOpportunitiesThreats Social Hybrid reputation – stop gap measure, poor acceleration, not as much power Technological- Get into the market early expertise in hybrids improved hybrid performance- Mild hybrids, fuel cell cars, alternative fuels Highly competitive market EconomicEnvironmentally friendly –reduces emissions- Globalization and Consolidation Price of Gas Rising cost of cleaning pollutants decreased consumer spending Political- In line with government requirements to reduce emissions reduces reliance on foreign fuel Kyoto Accord.

grendelbeo Epic of Beowulf Essay - Beowulf from Grendels Perspective :: Epic Beowulf essays

Beowulf from Grendel's Perspective One night, as Grendel was sleeping soundly in his home in the swamplands, he was suddenly awakened by the sound of music. The music angered Grendel because he had been up late the night before entertaining his monster friends and was in need of his beauty rest. So he headed out the front door and headed to see what the commotion is all about. ] Upon arrival at the mead hall, Grendel notices the door is much to small for him to enter through it easily. This does not make him happy because it happens everywhere he goes in the little human towns. So he squeezes his shoulders through the small opening and manages to ask the man at the nearest table what was going on. The man, being exhausted from his own celebrations, was to tired to even notice the beast standing over him. Monsters of Grendel's type are not used to be ignored and see it as disrespectful and so do not like to be ignored. Which is why Grendel pulled his head from the doorway and reached his claw in to snatch up unsuspecting man. Everyone else in the room was too busy to even notice the man being lifted from his place behind his drink. With the first man out of the way, Grendel decided to try a different approach. Again, scrunching himself down partway through the door, Grendel looked for someone to tell him what was going on. He cleared his throat an d said with a rough, gravelly voice, "Excuse me!" No one noticed. So he said it louder, "Excuse me!" A few heads turned. After a number of astonished gasps, more turned to see. Detecting he was now the center of attention, Grendel asked what they were all doing making so much noise so late at night. The men only stared at him. So he asked more simply and slowly, not knowing if they were intelligent or not, "What are you doing?" The only response this time was an echoed "Get him!" This surprised Grendel because they seemed to say it in unison. He jumped slightly and hit his head on the doorway. He stood up and rubbed his head and knocked over a horse and its cart with his foot.

Jessica’s Silence Within the Merchant of Venice

Jessica’s Silence Within Shakespeare’s tragic comedy, The Merchant of Venice, one is exposed to yet another one of his works that has an intensely packed storyline full of different characters with their own complex subplots that contribute to the main plot. One of the main characters, Jessica, is daughter of Shylock, who is a wealthy Jewish moneylender in Venice. Shylock is characterized as a villainous type of character within the play, partly because of being a Jew and partly because of his rude and mean exterior.Within the subplot of Jessica and Shylock’s relationship, it is clearly visable by Shylock’s treatment of his daughter that she has become resentful of not only being his daughter, but also of being a Jew. When Jessica decides to rob her father of quite a bit of his money and property through an arranged setup with Lorenzo, the man she plans to elope after the robbery, she takes not only many things worth a great value, but also the ring that h er father had bought her mother.When Shylock learns of his daughter not only deserting him and robbing him, but taking such invaluable and prized possession as the ring, he is utterly heartbroken. After trading the ring for a monkey and marrying Lorenzo, Jessica is faced with a deep moral guilt in Act 5, Scene 1 when exposed to how Portia feels after tricking Bassiano to give the ring away while she was disguised. In Act 5, Scene 1, Jessica is completely silent after Portia and the others enter and they begin to discuss all of the disguise and trickery that had happened.When the men are told that Portia and Nerissa were in disguise and tricked the men of their rings, rings that the men had swore to keep for eternity, Jessica is exposed to how much love and emotion was attached to those rings. One would think that it must have been a shameful kick in the stomach to see past the fog that her love for Lorenzo has caused and realize that the hurt that these women are experiencing is the same pain that her father must have felt when realizing that Jessica, his only flesh and blood, the only person he could possibly love in this world, took one of his most sentimental treasures and traded it for a damn monkey.

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